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B3 Most important bovine genetic diseases Genetic mutations as breed traits: Muscle hypertrophy Genetic dysplasia/ achondroplasia ​Immunodeficiency BLAD (bovine lymphocyte adhesion deficiency) ulcers , loss of teeth , chronic pneumonia and diarrhoea —> early death Chediak-Higashi syndrome- autosomal recessive Blood circulation, hemostasis Haemophilia B (factor IX deficiency) Hyperbilirubinaemia ..

C2. Most important meat production traits of pig (fattening ability, carcass merit) ​ Significance of pig breeding: Advantages: High genetic diversity High reproductive capacity Effective pork production Good adaptability: fat ratio was decreased by more than 70% within 20 years Investment with fast return of costs Continuous source of income​ Fattening on pigs increase with age(days) and weight..

C1 Origin and domestication of swine, micro-evolutionary consequences: ​Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Arydactyla Family Suidae Genus Sus Species: S. Scrofa (wild boar) S. scrofa domesticus – Domesticated pig Sus scrofa scrofa – Western Africa Sus scrofa ussuricus (north Asia & Japan) Sus scrofa cristatus (Asia minor & India) Sus scrofa vittatus Domestication Domesticated ..

A16 Origin and domestication of small ruminants (sheep and goat), their species characteristics ​ Species groups: Sheep (ovis) Wild sheep Diff. chromosomes number 54-58 Typical centric fusion of chromosomes when crossing Wild goat (Capra, caprini) Wild goat  twirl horned, capra falconeri. 60 chromosomes oriental wild sheep (mouffloans) ovis ammon musimon, 54 chromosomes Prisca goat  capra pri..

B10 Milk production, milking and udder hygiene ​ Fat + protein yield: 600kg/lactation 10,000 kg/lifetime Milking systems: During milking the milk is collected & the amount is registered For hygiene- teats are cleaned and disinfected. Milking systems can be: tied system, un-tied system, robot, carousel, or standing in a line to enter one at a time to the milking facility Milk Meter: Measure the a..

B9 Dairy cattle breeds (classification, characteristics, types), breeds for cheese industry milk production ​ Montbeliarde Red & white pied color Produces milk mainly for cheese industry  high content of kappa casein BB variants Annual yield = 7500 L / year 3.9% butterfat 3.35% protein Bulls 900-1200kg Cows 145cm @ withers, 600-700kg​ Normande Well suited for cheese production - camembert chees..

B8 Dairy cattle breeds (classification, characteristics, types), breeds for production of consumption milk UK single purpose dairy breeds (Channel Island breeds): Produce protein & fat rich milk: Jersey cattle Small breed Cows 360-540kg Bulls 540-820kg High butterfat content (6%) High protein content (4%) Annual yield = 5400kg/ year ​Guernsey cattle Buff coat color with distinct white spots (yel..

B7 Estimation of breeding value in dairy cattle ​ Estimated breeding value: The estimation is done during the animal’s production cycle It is defined as the difference of the individual genetic merit (value) from the mean genetic merit of a reference population The individual breeding value changes according to the value (- the genetic merit) of the reference population or mating partners. BVi –..