[가축 육종학] 11. Milk production, milking and udder hygiene

B10 Milk production, milking and udder hygiene

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Fat + protein yield:

600kg/lactation

10,000 kg/lifetime

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Milking systems:

During milking the milk is collected & the amount is registered

For hygiene- teats are cleaned and disinfected.

Milking systems can be: tied system, un-tied system, robot, carousel, or standing in a line to enter one at a time to the milking facility

Milk Meter: Measure the amount of milk as it is being milked with a high level of accuracy. This enables Israeli dairy farmers to closely monitor milk yield per each cow or goat, an essential step for managing productivity effectively.

Milk Analyzer: Sometime built right into milk meters, milk analyzes milk for quality and potential health problems in the stock. Can sense the warning signs of health issues such as ketosis, mastitis, ruminal acidosis, and nutrition deficiencies.

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​Milking

The milking routine effect on the incidence of mastitis in the dairy herd, as contagious forms of mastitis spread easily via the milking equipment and even the milkers themselves

Parlor (the room for milking) routines involve a variety of factors, ranging from the order in which cows are milked - limiting the spread of pathogens from infected cows to the more susceptible animals - to the use of chemicals and processes to disinfect and sanitise the cows' teats and keep the milking equipment free from harmful bacteria.

Step by step, once the cows are in the parlour;

1. Wash the teats, then wipe dry with a clean dry cloth or towel.
2. Foremilk, checking for any symptoms of mastitis or irregularities in the milk.
3. Pre-dip the teats, allowing sufficient time for the product to work, then wipe drywith a clean dry cloth or towel.
4. Attach the cluster unit, ensuring the clusters are squarely attached and aligned and balanced centrally
5. Milking more often that twice-daily, there is an increased potential of:

Damaged teat bc. washing/drying, (it removes protective moisture)

Teat-end damage from over-milking, poorly-maintained milking equipment and poor milking techniques.

Exposure to reverse milk flow or poor cluster attachment, which can lead to teat canal infection from environmental mastitis pathogens.

Risk of exposure to contagious mastitis pathogens from infected milking equipment or unhygienic milking practices.

Today uses milking robot, the cows go in themselves to get milked, the robots do it all themselves and cleans udder.

Robots can tell if there is blood in the milk or pathogens in the milk etc.

This can also be unfortunate because the farmer might not really know the states of the cow’s udder, unless he makes rounds. ​

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Udder health:

Very important as mastitis is one of the 3 main diseases affecting dairy cows.

Mastitis causes suppression of the immune system.

​Cows in negative energy balance are at a higher risk of ketosis and clnical ketosis is associated with a 2fold increase in risk of mastitis.

Trace minerals and vitamins can also affect udder health, eg selenium, vitamin E, copper, Zinc, vit A and Betacarotene​

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Udder health steps to prevent mastitis:

• Annual milking machine test
• Post milking teat disinfection
• Dry cow therapy on all cows
• Correct treatment of clinical cases and record keeping and;
• Culling chronically infected cows
• Good teat prep. Prior to milking to ensure teats are clean and dry
• Good housing and bedding management.

Control measures has given a significant reduction in incidences of mastitis (effective against atleast the pathogens spread from cow to cow)

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