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C2. Most important meat production traits of pig (fattening ability, carcass merit) ​ Significance of pig breeding: Advantages: High genetic diversity High reproductive capacity Effective pork production Good adaptability: fat ratio was decreased by more than 70% within 20 years Investment with fast return of costs Continuous source of income​ Fattening on pigs increase with age(days) and weight..

B8 Dairy cattle breeds (classification, characteristics, types), breeds for production of consumption milk UK single purpose dairy breeds (Channel Island breeds): Produce protein & fat rich milk: Jersey cattle Small breed Cows 360-540kg Bulls 540-820kg High butterfat content (6%) High protein content (4%) Annual yield = 5400kg/ year ​Guernsey cattle Buff coat color with distinct white spots (yel..

B7 Estimation of breeding value in dairy cattle ​ Estimated breeding value: The estimation is done during the animal’s production cycle It is defined as the difference of the individual genetic merit (value) from the mean genetic merit of a reference population The individual breeding value changes according to the value (- the genetic merit) of the reference population or mating partners. BVi –..

B12 Estimation of breeding value in beef cattle Places of investigation: In field- farm, race, place, open range, exhibition. The breeding value estimation done at the farm evaluates the performances at the real place of production. In station- centralized test station, individual feeding, control of live weight, evaluation of meatiness through ultrasound (rib eye area, live weight, cannon girth..

B2 Main reproduction features of cattle, and most important bovine genetic diseases ​ Puberty: ~8 (12-16) months , Full maturity: First breeding usually occurs >15 (13-14 months) or when animal has reached ¾ adult body mass. First calving: around 2-3 years. (Great breed variance) ​ Main Reproduction features Uniparous: single birth, rarely twins Low reproduction potential: long generation interv..

B1. Domestication of cattle, micro-evolutionary consequences, related species, inter-species hybrids Taxonomy of cattle & its relatives: Kingdom: animals (Animalia) Phylum: vertebrates (chordata) Class: mammals (mammalia) sub class: placentalia Order: hoofed animals (ungulates) Sub-order: even toed (Artiodactyla) Section: ruminants Family: cattle like (bovidae) Number of chromosomes vary btw 50-..