[가축 육종학] 9. Dairy cattle breeds (젖소)

B8 Dairy cattle breeds (classification, characteristics, types), breeds for production of consumption milk

 

UK single purpose dairy breeds (Channel Island breeds): Produce protein & fat rich milk:

Jersey cattle

• Small breed
• Cows 360-540kg
• Bulls 540-820kg
• High butterfat content (6%)
• High protein content (4%)
• Annual yield = 5400kg/ year

​Guernsey cattle

• Buff coat color with distinct white spots (yellow-brown)
• Cows 450-550kg
• Bulls 700-800kg
• Annual yield = 5800-6000kg
• known for rich flavor of golden-colored milk (high beta carotene content)
• 4.6-5.0% butterfat
• 3.6% protein
• Low incidence of calving difficulty
• Longevity (long life)

​Ayrshire

• Light/dark red & white coat color
• Cows 500-600kg
• Bulls 750-850kg
• Annual yield = 6400kg
• 4% butterfat
• 4% protein

Finnish Ayrshire  80% of cattle production in Finland

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Continental dairy breeds & predominantly dairy many purpose breeds:

Hostein-Fresian/Holstein

• Highest producing large sized dairy cow
• Originated in Europe (Holland & Friesland), developed in US from Dutch Fresian
• Hostein = North American stock; Fresian = Animals of traditional EU ancestry
• Holstein-Fresian is a cross between the two
• Color: Distinct black (or red) & white markings
• Annual yield = 8,000-12,000kg
• 3.7% butterfat
• 3.2% protein
• Mature bulls weight up to 1200kg
• Mature cows up to 700-800kg
• Heifers can be bred around 18 months (500kg)
• Breeders aim for 1st calving ~23-36months

Milking shorthorn (dairy shorthorn)

• Easy calving & management
• Economical – Can live on home-produced forage & grass
• Annual production = 7000kg (over 305 days)
• 3.8% butterfat
• 3.3% protein

+ Brown swiss + Milking shorthorn + Hungarofriesian + Norwegian dairy cattle

Schwartzbunte

• Black & white spotted, dual purpose breed

​Rotbunte

• Red & white variation of Schwartzbunte

​Braunvieh

• Originates from Swiss Alps - Hardy, resistant breed
• Black/ red & white markings
• Annual yield = 9000kg
• 4% butterfat
• 3.5% protein
• Excellent milk for cheese production
• Long gestation period
• Large animal
• Bulls up to 1135kg
• Cows 700kg
• Docile temperament (easily taught)

Angler

• Medium sized, solid dark red & brown breed

​Endangered

• Bulls 150-160cm @ withers, 1000-1100kg
• Cows 140-150cm @ withers, 600-700kg

​Simmental

• Dual purpose (predominantly dairy) breed
• Red & white breed of Swiss origin
• Rapid growth
• Docile & easily manageable
• Large framed with shallow rib cage
• Exceptional milk production with calf at side
• Bull 150-160cm @ withers, 1200-1300kg
• Cow 140-150cm @ withers, 700-800kg

​Vorderwalder

• Medium-sized, dark red & white spotted with white face & legs
• Well adapted to highland conditions
• Annual yield = 5000kg
• 4% fat
• 3.4% protein
• Bull 125-135cm @ withers, 700-750kg
• Cow 115-125cm @ withers, 450-500kg

​Hinterwalder

• Smallest central European breed, endangered in Germany & Switzerland
• Annual yield = 3300kg
• 4% fat high fat content  camembert cheese production
• 3.4% protein
• Bull 125-135cm @ withers, 700-750kg
• Cow 115-125cm @ withers, 450-500kg

​Rotvieh: red & white breed of Swiss origin

• Dual purpose (predominantly diary) Yield = 700kg
• 5% fat
• 4% protein
• size: 140cm, 650kg