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B10 Milk production, milking and udder hygiene ​ Fat + protein yield: 600kg/lactation 10,000 kg/lifetime Milking systems: During milking the milk is collected & the amount is registered For hygiene- teats are cleaned and disinfected. Milking systems can be: tied system, un-tied system, robot, carousel, or standing in a line to enter one at a time to the milking facility Milk Meter: Measure the a..

B6 Importance of udder evaluation in dairy cattle, udder health, milk hygiene ​ Udder evaluation- importance For breeding Important to check up udders to avoid the “bad breeders habit”: Formalism (Ayrshire cow) Functionalism- bad function ​for Estimation of conformation conformation is estimated based on a Linear conformation scoring system of functional traits. (9 point scale) Somatic cell coun..

B5 Dairy cattle technologies (housing, feeding and milking systems) Dairy cattle (cows)- cattle cows bred to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made ​Technology of dairy cattle keeping: Life of a cattle: a dairy cattle life starts with birth: the cow & calf are most commonly together during the first 3-4 days (colostral period) milk feeding period: the calf Is separa..

B4. Breeding goals and characteristics (traits) of dairy cattle, milk properties ​ • The estimation of the breeding value is one of the stations of the animal production’s cycle. • On the course of the breeding value estimation we grade our candidate individuals according to their estimated value. Then, we designate the real future parents from this ordinal list of candidate individuals (in most..

B11. Breeding goal and characteristics (valuable traits) of beef and dual purpose cattle, Breeding goal of beef and dual purpose cattle ​Most common breeding goals: Single purpose: Belgian blue, Herford, Angus Dual purpose: milk pointed (milk & meat) such as Simmental, meat pointed (meat & milk) multipurpose: milk, meat and draught ​ valuable traits of beef cattle: primary traits: meat producing..

B12 Estimation of breeding value in beef cattle Places of investigation: In field- farm, race, place, open range, exhibition. The breeding value estimation done at the farm evaluates the performances at the real place of production. In station- centralized test station, individual feeding, control of live weight, evaluation of meatiness through ultrasound (rib eye area, live weight, cannon girth..

A17 Comparison of milk composition in dairy animals ​ Sheep has less water than goat, cattle and horse (lowest  highest) Sheep has more fat than goat, cattle and horse ( highest  lowest) Sheep has more protein than goat, cattle, horse (-.-) Sheep has more lactose than cattle & goat, but less than horse Cow milk: Rich in protein and source of calcium. sheep goat cattle Water 79.9 86.0 87.7 Fat ..

B1. Domestication of cattle, micro-evolutionary consequences, related species, inter-species hybrids Taxonomy of cattle & its relatives: Kingdom: animals (Animalia) Phylum: vertebrates (chordata) Class: mammals (mammalia) sub class: placentalia Order: hoofed animals (ungulates) Sub-order: even toed (Artiodactyla) Section: ruminants Family: cattle like (bovidae) Number of chromosomes vary btw 50-..