12. Breeding goal and of beef and dual purpose cattle 소 품종

B11. Breeding goal and characteristics (valuable traits) of beef and dual purpose cattle, Breeding goal of beef and dual purpose cattle

​Most common breeding goals:

Single purpose: Belgian blue, Herford, Angus

Dual purpose: milk pointed (milk & meat) such as Simmental, meat pointed (meat & milk)

multipurpose: milk, meat and draught ​

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valuable traits of beef cattle:

primary traits: meat producing ability

paternal breeds, sires: fattening ability,

carcass traits: dressing percent (percent of the live animal that ends up as carcass- minus the skin, visceral), carcass weight, carcass quality.

Meat properties: fat ratio, ribeye area, marbling & tenderness

Maternal breeds, cows:

Reproductive performance: conception rate (calf crop percentage), calving interval (time elapsed between each calving), birth weight related to calving difficulties, fertility testing of bulls, bull performance (= average weight gain, scrotal circumference)

Maternal/ nursing ability: calf rearing ability (bring up & care for), grazing ability, herd tolerance, adaptation ability (to climate), health, tamness, good temper, reproduction, longevity, lifetime performance.

Milk yield: estimated by calf’s growing ​

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Secondary traits:

Conformation, reproduction, feed intake: conversion ratio, adaptation (technology), health, resistance

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