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A7. Breeding goals and utilization forms in horse breeding, most important performance traits (race, sport, others) History of horse breeding Arabian horses : Earliest documentation of breeding of horses by Bedouin people in Middle East Akhal-Teke : Bred for war & racing in West-Central Asia Nomads of Mongolian Steppes : have bred horses for several thousand years Medieval Europe : Specific bree..

A6. numbering and identification of the horses, the behavioral vices Individual identification of the horses: - Phenotype description : coat colors, long/ short hair, body, mane, tail ​- Special marks : head, legs, not changeable marks, spots, hair whirls, scars ​- Brandings : breed specific marks, on neck & croup (the rump or hindquarters) - Number of hoof, tattooing (upper lip inside) ​- Brand..

A5. Principal horse coat colors and markings, their inheritance Monogenic (qualitative) characteristics of the horse – coat colors Basic colors: Black, bay (brown), chestnut (=red),+ white Modified variants: Grey, roan and dun color dilution, cream, pearl, champagne, silver dapple White color: roan (mixture), pinto (spotted), leopard, dominant white, white markings (splashed white) ​Rules of Men..

A4. Most important genetic diseases of the horse ​ 1. Haemophilia - x linked disease - Lethal factors, gene mutations - WW (white) & OO (ovaro white spotting) - unable to produce blood clot —> u die , internal bleeding - occure in welsh ponies ​2. Fragile foal syndrome (warmblood) - extensive lesions, ulceration and tearing of skin - mutated LHI gene , need two copies . 3. Lethal white ovaro (LW..

A3. Horse types, judging of conformation in horse, faults in stand and action Few major horse types: draft horses warm blood light horses gated horses ponies ​ Horse conformation: The outline of the horse as determined by its bones/ musculature structures, for example the length of the bones, the angles of the joints, the proportion of the overall balance of the horse ​Complex exterior evaluatio..

A2. Main reproduction features & traits of the horse (breeding season, raising foals) Reproductive traits of horse (= are polygenic traits, quantitative characteristic)​ ​Puberty: Occurs btw 16-18 months - Full sexual maturity reached by 2+ years (ave btw 3-5 years) General reproductive features - Uniparous (producing only one egg or offspring at a time) - Low reproductive potential - Late puber..

A8. The role of training and racing in horse breeding. The horse gaits, forms of movement ​ Training: Main goal is to create a horse that is safe for humans to handle, performs a useful task for human benefit & is obedient ​ Historically Training for warfare, farm work, sport, transport Today Recreational/sporting activities; specialized jobs (movie stunt horses, police work & crowd control, equ..

A9. Utilization of horses: gallop, trot, dressage, jumping, driving and others ​ The gallop: 4 beat gait. Fastest natural gait with variations in the sequence according to speed (flying in the air). Lh --> rhlf --> rf / rh --> lhrf --> lf. ​ the trot: 2 beat gait, alternative diagonal legs, action, working, medium, collected, extended. movements are Piaff (trotting ‘on the spot’)/ Passage (exagg..