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B8 Dairy cattle breeds (classification, characteristics, types), breeds for production of consumption milk UK single purpose dairy breeds (Channel Island breeds): Produce protein & fat rich milk: Jersey cattle Small breed Cows 360-540kg Bulls 540-820kg High butterfat content (6%) High protein content (4%) Annual yield = 5400kg/ year ​Guernsey cattle Buff coat color with distinct white spots (yel..

B7 Estimation of breeding value in dairy cattle ​ Estimated breeding value: The estimation is done during the animal’s production cycle It is defined as the difference of the individual genetic merit (value) from the mean genetic merit of a reference population The individual breeding value changes according to the value (- the genetic merit) of the reference population or mating partners. BVi –..

B6 Importance of udder evaluation in dairy cattle, udder health, milk hygiene ​ Udder evaluation- importance For breeding Important to check up udders to avoid the “bad breeders habit”: Formalism (Ayrshire cow) Functionalism- bad function ​for Estimation of conformation conformation is estimated based on a Linear conformation scoring system of functional traits. (9 point scale) Somatic cell coun..

B5 Dairy cattle technologies (housing, feeding and milking systems) Dairy cattle (cows)- cattle cows bred to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made ​Technology of dairy cattle keeping: Life of a cattle: a dairy cattle life starts with birth: the cow & calf are most commonly together during the first 3-4 days (colostral period) milk feeding period: the calf Is separa..

B4. Breeding goals and characteristics (traits) of dairy cattle, milk properties ​ • The estimation of the breeding value is one of the stations of the animal production’s cycle. • On the course of the breeding value estimation we grade our candidate individuals according to their estimated value. Then, we designate the real future parents from this ordinal list of candidate individuals (in most..

B11. Breeding goal and characteristics (valuable traits) of beef and dual purpose cattle, Breeding goal of beef and dual purpose cattle ​Most common breeding goals: Single purpose: Belgian blue, Herford, Angus Dual purpose: milk pointed (milk & meat) such as Simmental, meat pointed (meat & milk) multipurpose: milk, meat and draught ​ valuable traits of beef cattle: primary traits: meat producing..

B12 Estimation of breeding value in beef cattle Places of investigation: In field- farm, race, place, open range, exhibition. The breeding value estimation done at the farm evaluates the performances at the real place of production. In station- centralized test station, individual feeding, control of live weight, evaluation of meatiness through ultrasound (rib eye area, live weight, cannon girth..

B3 Breeding methods in cattle production: purebred breeding, crossbreeding Breeding Systems Natural: Harem (group of 1-2 males and number of females with their offspring), stud (such as a stud farm) or hand (Hand breeding – where the time & mating individuals are selected by the breeder) Beef production Sex ratio = 40-50 (60-79) ​AI- artificial insemination: Predominantly used in dairy industry ..