Breeding goals of sheep production 양 육종학

A19 Breeding goals and traits of sheep production, types, usage and products

 

​Today: approx. 200 different breeds, but three fourth of commercial production is based on 8-10 breeds only

Rare breeds and genetic resources: well adopted, gene preservation, improvement is possible, most typical!

Classification for today porpuse:

By the quality and type of wool produced: fine, medium, crossbred, carpet wool, and fur type

Main use, propose for production:

Wool (fine)/ fur, meat (lamb), milk, prolific, rare breeds

Sheepskin: Clothes, footwear, rugs etc

Byproducts: Tallow -> candle & soap making - Gelatine​

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External traits:

Tail character (short, fat, long)

Horns presence/ absence, horned/ polled

Color face (black/ brown/ blue/ white face)

Topography of the breed origin: mountain, upland, lowland

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​Breed groups according to main production objectives:

Merino breed group (wool) – fine wool production! many types/ breeds of use. Merino type origin is from North Africa.

Mutton breeds (meat) – medium wool quality, primarily meat producers

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Milk & prolific breeds

Pelt and carpet (Persian rug) breeds . fur and carpet sheep= Landraces and Mountain sheep, Bergschaf, Coburg Foxasheep, Karakul sheep.

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Hairy sheep

Rare/ local breeds= gene resources. Valais/ Walliser black necked sheep, Scottish black face

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Hair (meat) sheep breeds:

2 basic types: unimproved pure hair sheep/ improved (intermediate btw pure hair & woolen meat)

pure unimproved hair sheep: Barados Blackbelly, St. Croix (virgin island white), Barbado, soay (SCOTTISH)​

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Important traits of sheep:

​Qualitative characteristics:

Fleece color, polledness, prolificacy (fertility) , muscle hypertrophy, genetic defects

​Quantitative characteristics:

Wool traits, meat (mutton) traits, milk production traits, skin and fur traits, reproduction traits

Polygenic trait selection in influenced by: inheritance, correlations btw characteristics, breeding and selection methods, intensity and effectiveness of selection, interaction btw genetic background & environment (in sheep breeding its very important!) ​

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Most important qualitative (Mendelian) characteristics:

• Fleece color and inheritance (A, B, E loci)
• Dominant white wool
• Blackface: not complete dominance
• Dominant solid black
• Brown face, solid brown
• In Karakul sheep shiras factor: grey (blue) homozygous is lethal, heterozygous and black are viable (epistatic relation to A, lambs dark born)
• Polledness (P, dominant)
• In sheep: sex influenced expression and differences
• In goats: pleiotropy to fertility, homozygotes (PP) and intersexes
• Prolificacy genes (FecB, FecX)
• Blood groups​

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Carcass traits (the dead body)

• Carcass weight, Carcass quality (colour, tenderness, flavour, palatability)
• Back fat thickness
• Fat around kidneys
• Tallow (fat)
• Valuable ratio (primal cuts) – Shoulder, Rack (ribs), Loin, Legs

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Fine wool & fur traits

• Grease (fleece weight)
• Wool (clean fleece weight), Wool thickness
• S/P ration (secondary:primary follicle ratio)
• Fineness -> Length & diameter of fiber
• Medullation of fiber (shorter fibers which have been shed into flees )
• Crimps (krølle tetthet )
• Staple (combing fiber) (styrke)
• Curl type
• Cashmere & Angora goats
• Mohair, pashmina​

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Milk Production traits

Milk yield, Lactation performance, Daily milk yield, Milk fat %, Milk protein %, Ease of milking, Udder size & form

Sheep 80-300 (600) l, Goat 60-1200 l

Length of lactation 150-200 days

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Korean ver. (번역기 이용, 부정확합니다.)

A19 양 생산, 종류, 사용 및 제품의 사육 목표와 특성



오늘날: 약 200종의 다른 품종들, 그러나 상업 생산의 3/4는 8-10종의만을 기반으로 한다.

희귀종과 유전자원: 잘 채택되고, 유전자 보존, 개선이 가능하며, 가장 전형적이다!

오늘의 porpuse 분류:

생산되는 양모의 품질 및 종류별: 미세, 중간, 크로스브레드, 카펫 양모, 모피 유형

주요 용도, 프로덕션 제안:

양털(미세)/모피, 고기(램블), 우유, 다산, 희귀 품종

양가죽: 옷, 신발, 깔개 등

부산물: 탈로우 -> 양초 & 비누 만들기 - 젤라틴

외부 특성:

꼬리 문자(짧은 길이, 큰 길이)

경음기 유무/경음기/폴링

색면(검은색/갈색/파란색/흰색)

품종의 기원지형: 산, 상류, 저지대

주요 생산 목표에 따라 그룹 구성:

메리노 품종 그룹(울) – 미세한 양모 생산! 많은 종류/종류의 사용. 메리노 타입의 원산지는 북아프리카 출신이다.

양고기 품종(고기) – 중간 크기의 양모 품질, 주로 육류 생산업체

우유&다산종

펠트와 카펫(페르시아 양탄자)은 품종. 털과 카펫 양 = 랜더레이스와 마운틴 양, 베르그샤프, 코부르크 폭스하십, 카라쿨 양.

털 많은 양

희귀/지역 품종=유전자 자원. 발레스/월라이저 검은 목양, 스코틀랜드 검은 얼굴

털(고기) 양이 번식:

2가지 기본 유형: 개선되지 않은 순모양/향상된 순모양(intermediate pure btw 순모 & 양모 고기)

순수하게 개선되지 않은 머리양: 바라도스 블랙벨리, 세인트 크로익스(Virgin island white), 바르바도, 소이(SCOTish)

양의 중요한 특성:

질적 특성:

양털색, 폴링성, 다산성(불임성), 근육 비대증, 유전적 결함

양적 특성:

털실 특성, 고기(머튼) 특성, 우유 생산 특성, 피부 및 모피 특성, 재생성 특성

영향을 받는 다세대적 특성 선택: 상속, 상관관계 btw 특성, 번식 및 선택 방법, 선택 강도와 효과, 상호작용 btw 유전적 배경 및 환경(양들이 번식하는 데 있어 매우 중요하다!) ​

가장 중요한 질적(멘델리안) 특성:

양털 색상 및 상속(A, B, E loci)
우성 화이트 울
검은 얼굴: 완전한 우위가 아님
우성 솔리드 블랙
갈색 얼굴, 솔리드 브라운
카라쿨 양 시라스 인자에서: 회색(파란색) 동질성은 치명적이며, 이질성 및 검은색이 생존 가능하다(A와의 관계, 암양들은 어둠 속에서 태어났다).
폴레디니스(P, 우세)
양에서: 성에 영향을 받은 표현과 차이
염소의 경우: 늑막에서 다산성, 동족상(PP), 성간(intersex)에 이르는 것
다산성 유전자(FecB, FecX)
혈액군
사체 특성(사체)

카커스 중량, 카커스 품질(색상, 부드러움, 향미, 미각성)
등지방두께
콩팥 주위의 지방
탈로우(지방)
귀중한 비율(기본 절단) – 어깨, 랙(리브), 로인, 다리
고운 양털 & 모피 특성

그리스(Fleece 중량)
울(클린 플리스 중량), 울 두께
S/P배급률(2차: 1차 모낭비)
미세도 -> 섬유 길이와 지름
섬유(플라이로 유출된 더 작은 섬유)의 메덜레이션
크림프스(krølle tettet )
스테이플(결합 섬유)(스타일)
컬형
캐시미어 & 앙고라 염소
모헤어, 파슈미나
우유 생산 특성

우유수확량, 유산성능, 일일우유수확률, 유지방 %%, 우유단백 %%, 우유수확 용이성, 우더 사이즈 & 형태

양 80-300 (600) l, 염소 60-1200 l

수유 기간 150~200일