Reproduction feature, disease of goat (염소의 유전병)

B18 Reproduction features, reproduction, prolificacy and fertility traits, most important genetic diseases of goat

Terminology - goat

• ​Doe – Female Goat
• Nanny goat - doe
• Doeling – A baby female goat
• Goating - young goat from birth until puberty
• Freshen - When a doe gives birth (kid) and starts to produce milk
• Settled - A female that is pregnant
• Buck – Male Goat
• Billy goat - buck
• Buckling – A baby male goat
• Wether – Castrated male goat Kidding – Giving birth
• Kid – Baby goat, either male or female Yearling – A one year old goat
• Polled – When a goat is naturally born without horns
• Debudded/Disbudded – a goat after removing the horns
• Chevon: Chevon is the French word for goat. These are animals that are slaughtered near or shortly after weaning.​

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Reproduction Traits

• Puberty: 6-8 months
• Sexual activity: Breed dependent, Seasonally polyestrous, TEND TO CONTINOUS BREEDING
• Breeding season: August-November
• Jan-Feb (short period)
• Highest fertility Sept, Oct, Nov
• Biostimulation: Role of sexual pheromones is important (pheromone is a secreted or excreted chemical fa
• Flushing : Body condition plays important part in fertility ​

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Oestrus

• Length: Nanny goat – 19-23 days
• Ovulation: Spontaneous
• 1-4 eggs per ovulation
• Mating/AI: Prior to ovulation
• AI -> Laproscopic because of low success rate
• Twinning + multiple births are common => Desirable trait, fecundity gene (FecB, FecX)
• FecB work best on homocygote, fecX homocygot get infertile heterozygote gets xs polyesters​

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• Gestation
• Pregnancy: 144-152 (147) days
• Fertilization occurs in Fallopian tube & migrates to uterus on day 3-4
• Implantation: Centric, early (15-14 days)
• Pregnancy detection: Easy- Abdominal palpation from day 90 , Ultrasonography
• Lactation: 100-300 in goat

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​Specific reproductive traits of doe (nanny goat)

• Pronounced seasonality
• Prolactin plays a distinct role -> Luteootropic effect (maintenance of pregnancy & lactation etc)
• Pseudopregnancy  Persistent CL, uterine secretion, lactation
• Lactation anoestrus is typical
• Autumnal weaning of kids has a synchronizing effect with heat occurring within a week
• Environmental factors -Pheramones - Photoperiod

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​Most common reproductive disorders

• Persistent CL
• Heat & cycle disorders
• Anovulatory cycle
• Inactive ovaries
• Prolonged cycles​

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Important genetic disorders

• Circulation, haemostasis
• Hyperbilirubinaemia
• Glutathione-deficiency anaemia
• Haemophilia A
• Metabolic (lysosomal storage diseases)
• Ceroide lipofuschinosis
• Gangliosidosis I
• Gaucher disease
• Krabbe disease:
• Mucopolysaccharidosis
• Glucogenosis II & V
• Fat metabolism
• Yellow fat (recessive)
• Muscles
• Muscular hypertrophy (callipyge)
• Muscular dystrophy

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Korean Ver. (번역기 사용으로 부정확합니다.)

B18 생식의 특징, 생식, 다산과 다산의 특징, 염소의 가장 중요한 유전적 질병

용어 - 염소

도아 – 암염소
유모염소 - 도
도일링 – 아기 암염소
고팅 - 태어날 때부터 사춘기까지의 새끼 염소
신선 - 도아가 새끼를 낳고(키드) 우유를 생산하기 시작할 때
정착 - 임신한 여성
벅 – 수컷 염소
빌리 염소 - 벅
버클링 – 새끼 수컷 염소
웨더 – 거세된 수컷 염소 농담 – 출산
어린이 – 아기 염소, 수컷 또는 암컷 연도 – 한 살 된 염소
폴링 – 뿔 없이 염소가 자연적으로 태어날 때
탈진/탈진 – 뿔을 제거한 후 염소
셰본: 쉐본은 염소를 뜻하는 프랑스어 입니다. 이들은 이식을 한 직후나 가까운 곳에서 도살되는 동물들이다.​
재생성 특성

사춘기: 6~8개월
성행위: 품종 의존성, 계절적 다종성, 지속적인 번식 경향이 있음
번식기: 8~11월
1월-2월(단기)
최고 출산율 11월 9일
생체 자극: 성적인 페로몬의 역할이 중요하다(페로몬은 분비되거나 배설된 화학 fa이다.
플러싱 : 신체조건이 다산에 중요한 역할을 한다.
오에스트루스

길이: 유모 염소 – 19-23일
배란: 자발적
배란당 1~4개의 달걀
짝짓기/AI: 배란 전
AI -> 성공률이 낮기 때문에 랩스코프
트윈닝 + 복수 출산이 일반적이다 => 바람직한 특성, 다산유전자(FecB, FecX)
FecB는 호모시고테에 가장 잘 작용하고, FecX 호모시곶은 불임 이질균이 Xs 폴리테스터를 얻는다.
잉태
임신: 144-152 (147)일
수정은 나팔관에서 발생하며 3-4일 날 자궁으로 이동한다.
삽입: 중심, 초기(15-14일)
임신 감지: 90일차부터의 간편한 복부 파장, 초음파 검사
수유: 100-300 in 염소
도아(나니 염소)의 특정 생식 특성

뚜렷한 계절성
프롤락틴은 뚜렷한 역할을 한다 -> 루테우티안 효과(임신 및 수유 유지 등)
유사공포증  지속성 CL, 자궁 분비, 수유
수유 아노에스트루스가 대표적이다.
어린이들의 가을걷이는 1주일 이내에 발생하는 열과 동시에 일어나는 효과가 있다.
환경요인 -페라몬 -광공주기
가장 흔한 생식 장애

영구 CL
열 & 사이클 장애
애노보레이션 사이클
비활성 난소
장기 사이클
중요한 유전적 장애

순환, 지혈
고빌리루비나혈증
글루타티온 결핍증
혈우병 A
대사(리소자 저장 질환)
세로이드 지질근종증
갱년기증 1세
가우처병
크라베 병:
점코폴리스다당증
글루코겐화 II&V
지방대사
황색지방(반복)
근육들
근육비대증(칼리피지)
근위축증