Beef cattle breeds(paternal/maternal beef cattle) 소 품종

B14 Beef cattle breeds: characteristics, classification, maternal beef cattle types and breeds Classification

B15. Beef cattle breeds: characteristics, classification, paternal beef cattle types and breeds Classification

 

cattle breed in the world

 

maternal breeds are known for their milk production and mothering ability, fertility, low rates of dystocia (=Obstructed labor): Aberdeen angus, Hereford, Salers, Hungarian grey

Paternal or terminal traits are known for their efficient rate of weight gain and carcass yield: Charolaise, Maine-Anjou, Belgian blue

​Small sized: Aberdeen Angus

Medium sized: Piedmontese, limousine, Hereford, shorthorn, german angus, blue-white Belgian

Large sized beef breed: Charolaise, blonde d’aquitaine, maine Anjou, chianina

Extensive: highland cattle, Galloway, salers

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UK beef breeds:

Aberdeen angus: maternal breed !

•  Naturally polled, solid black
•  Ease of calving
•  Hardy, undemanding, have good nature
•  Mature at ~2yrs
•  High carcass yield with good marbling
•  Good calf rearing ability
•  live weight: 1000 / 650 kg

​Hereford ; Originated in Herefordshire, England : maternal breed !

• Well-muscled, hardy breed (good foraging abilities under poor conditions)
• White face, red body and underline, thick and curly hair
• medium sized frame
• horned
• early maturing, docile and easy handling
• “Mothering” breed
• beef poor marbling

Shorthorn:

•  Originally a dual purpose breed (meat & milk)
•  Red, white or roan in color
•  They have a medium to large frame, and have medium muscling.
•  Live weight: 1000 / 700 kg
•  Are good mothers
•  can be Horned or polled​

Galloway

•  one of the world’s oldest beef breeds, Scottish breed
•  black with soft, wavy hair and thick undercoat
•  naturally polled, small breed
•  hardy, quality carcass, and foraging ability
•  withers height: 137 / 124 cm; live weight: 750 / 470 kg

Belted Galloway - They probably developed in Scotland’s rugged, hilly Galloway district and later were bred by crossing Black Galloway with Dutch Belted.

Highland Cattle

•  Ancient Scottish breed
•  Easily identifiable – Long, shaggy coats & large horns
•  Bulls 120-130cm @ withers; 600-700kg
•  Cows 115-125cm@ withers; 500-600kg

​other UK breeds: south devon, black welsh, Lincoln red, longhorn

Israeli beef cattle: Holstein cattle, Awassi cow​

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French beef cattle:

​Charolais: paternal !!

• Pure white/cream coloured
• Exceptional growth rate & muscling
• Frequently used in crossings
• Bulls 1000kg +, Cows 700kg

​Limousine

•  Golden-red colouring, horned or polled
•  Large weaning weight & muscle mass but relatively low birth weights. Lean
•  Feed efficiency
•  Easy of management
•  Used for crossbreeding

Maine-Anjou cattle : paternal !!

• Large sized
• Easy to handle, docile
• Good marbling. High growth rates ​

Blonde d’ Aquitaine:

• French breed
• Heavily muscled bodies
• Used for draft, meat, and milk production
• Yellow, brown, fawn, and wheat. weight: 1300 / 850 kg​

Salers : maternal !!

• Oldest French cattle breed
• Medium-large sized : Bulls; 900-1100kg o Cows; 700-800kg
• Able to withstand extreme variations in temp
• Fertile
• produce fat rich milk = salers cheese​

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beef cattle of Italy:

Piedmontese : Originated in the Piemonte region of northwest Italy

• In 1886, the breed’s characteristic double-muscling attracted breeders
• The first Herdbook was opened in 1887
• Withers height: 150 / 145 cm• Live weight: 950 / 600 kg
• blue, light brownish grey to white, black tail switch, eyelashes

Chianina

Romangola

Maremmana

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Other beef breeds:

Belgian Blue: paternal !!!

• black, blue, white
• medium sized, heavy cattle, sometimes with a massive double muscle structure => muscular hypertrophy
• Withers height: 148 / 132 cm. Live weight: 1200 / 700 kg
• difficult births is particularly high among heifers => dysoctya
• low fertility

​Hungarian Grey: maternal !!!!

• native hungarian breeds of Podolic origin
• Colour: grey, blue- silver grey to dark grey, (males darker)
• pigmented, dark grey
• Withers height: 150 / 136 cm, • Live weight: 800 / 525 kg
• good quality lean meat;
• Resistant against foot and mouth disease
• adaptability to extreme climate, easy calving

Zebu cattle breeds

• Brahman (sacred cow of Hinduism)
• Boran cattle
• White Fulani cattle
• Indo-Brazilian cattle
• Nelore

​Angus from Aberdeen Scotland

• they are solid black with small ears
• genetically polled !
• smooth hair, medium sized frame, heavy muscled, and great carcass merit -box shape
• withers height: 145 / 135 cm • live weight: 1000 / 650 kg
• easy calving due to small calf size • well-marbled meat

Red Angus is the red strain in Aberdeen Angus cattle - Developed from a recessive trait from Angus

• -offer maternal characteristics
• calving ease • uniformity
• good disposition• outstanding appetite​

Lincoln red

• red • polled•Withers height: 145 / 135 cm
• Live weight: 990 / 700 kg; low cost input docile
• rapid liveweight gain

Dexter

• black, red, sometimes dun •withers height: 110 / 100 cm
• live weight: 500 / 325 kg •calve easily.
• hardy, thrifty, productive, small and personable cattle

​Gelbvieh: Originated in Bavaria, southern Germany

• Developed during late 18th century • Red with light muzzle
• Withers height: 152 / 142 cm • Live weight: 1225 / 750 kg
• Known for calving ease, mothering ability and calf growth

​Piedmontese: Originated in the Piemonte region of northwest Italy

• In 1886, the breed’s characteristic double-muscling attracted breeders
• The first Herdbook was opened in 1887
• Withers height: 150 / 145 cm • Live weight: 950 / 600 kg
• blue, light brownish grey to white, black tail switch, eyelashes

​Spanish Fighting Bull - Toro de Lidia

• Withers height: 165 / 155 cm •Live weight: 500 / 350 kg
• Unicoloured: black- predominant •dark mucoses
• Multicoloured: black, red, white- •Hook shaped horns

​Texas Longhorn: Developed from Spanish cattle, brought to new world by Columbus to Santa Domingo. Cattle escaped and existed in the wild. Almost became extinct by 1900. USA congress funded a purebred herd.

•Slow maturing, high fertility •High resistance to disease and parasites •Many different colors and shadings.

•Horns spreading 4 feet or more.•Are able to survive on sparse pasture.

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