Vertebrae cervicalis, Thoracales et lumbares 경추, 흉추, 요추

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Consist of Body + Arch + Proc. spinosus, articular cran and caud, transversus, mamillaris(in Th and Lu) ,accessorius(in Ca : th-lu / Su : caudal th, caudal direction).

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cervical vertebrae (7/7/7/7)

Veterinary anatomy of domestic animal : textbook and color atlas by koning

- caput : convex / Fossa : concave

- proc articularis, transversus, spinosus : for articulation

- tuberculum ventral : ventral surface of C3-C5

- for. transversalium : for passage of vertebrae nerve and vessels (no C7)

- fovea costalis caudalis(C7) for articulation rib

 

Atlas : first cervical vertebrae

- massa lateralis

- proc. transversus(ala atlantis)

- for. alare(eq,bo,su) : perforates the wing for a. vertebralis

- incisura alaris(Ca) : notch cranial border of wing for a. vertebralis

- for. vertebrae lat : medial exist to for. alare

- for transversarium(no Bo)

- fossa atlantis : ventral surface of the wing

- fovea articularis cran : for occipital bone.

- fovea articularis caud : for axis

- arcus ventralis : ventral arch

- fovea dentis : for dens

- arcus dorsalis : dorsal arch

- tuberculum dorsal : dorsal tubercle

Veterinary anatomy of domestic animal : textbook and color atlas by koning

 

Axis : second cervical vertebrae

- Dens : tooth like cranial process of axis

- incisura vertebrae cran(Ca) : between proc. spinosus and body

- for. vertebrae lat(eq, bo, su)

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thoracic vertebrae (13/18/13/13)

- fovea costalis cran/ caud : for head of rib.

- fovea costalis proc transversi : for tubuerculum costae

- vertebtae anticinalis : whose pro. spinosus is perpendicular to the body

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Lumbar vertebrae (6/6/6/6)

- proc. transversus is long

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Articulation

 

1. art. intervertebralis (Diarthrosis, art. plana)

- discus lntervertebralis : connecting the vertebral bodies

- anulus fibrosus : fibrous ring around nuclueus

- nucleus purposus : soft but no pressible substance.

- lig. longitudinal ventral : connecting ventral surface of body

- lig. longitudinal dorsal : connecting dorsal surface of body

- lig. flava : connecting vertebrae arch

 

2. art. processum articularium : between proc. articulare

- capsula articularis : joint capsule

- lig. intertransversalia : between proc transversus

- lig. interspinale : between spinosus process

- lig. supraspinale : between tip of spinosus proc. of thracic / lumbar

- lig. nuchae(eq,bo,ca) : continuation of lig. supraspinosus to occipital bone

- funiculus nuchae(Ru,Eq, Ca) : from occipital bone / Ca : axis spinosus process --> Th proc. spinosus

- lamina nuchae(Ru,Eq) : cervical proc. spinosus --> funiculus nuchae

 

3. art. intertransversaria lumbares(Eq)

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Special articulation

 

1. art. atlantooccipitalis (diarthrosis, art.elipsoidea)

- capsula articularis

- lig. laterale : from ala atalntis to occipital bone

- membrana atlanto occipitalis dors/ventr : thickening of capsule

 

2. art. atlantoaxialis (diarthrosis, art.trochoidea)

- capsula articularis

- lig. transverum atlantis(Ca, Su) : from atlas to dens

- lig. longitudinal dentis(Ru, Eq) : from dorsal dens to arcus ventral atlas

- lig. apice dentis(no Eq) : from dens to occipital bone