Utilization of horse

A9. Utilization of horses: gallop, trot, dressage, jumping, driving and others

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The gallop: 4 beat gait. Fastest natural gait with variations in the sequence according to speed (flying in the air).

Lh --> rhlf --> rf / rh --> lhrf --> lf.

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the trot: 2 beat gait, alternative diagonal legs, action, working, medium, collected, extended. movements are Piaff (trotting ‘on the spot’)/ Passage (exaggerated trot with slow motion).

LH RF --> RH LF --> LH RF ----> (2 gait)

 

dressage: a highly skilled form of riding performed in exhibition and competition. As defined by the international equestrian federation- dressage is the “highest expression of horse training” where “horse and rider are expected to perform from memory a series of predetermined movements”.  (올림픽 dressage 영상 : youtu.be/zinL21uZpp8​)

 

Jumping: a type of special gait which can be learned or taught

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Driving: a type of competitive equestrian sport, recognized by FEI: There is international 3 days driving trials which include (1) presentation, (2) marathon (3) obstacle competition

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Horse racing:

 

Under saddle:

Federation Equestre International (FEI) governs international racing

Thoroughbred horse racing is most popular world wide: - Flat racing - Steeplechase

American quarter horse racing: Races over 1/4 mile using Arabian, Akhal-Teke, Appaloosa, American paint horses and other light breeds.

Endurance riding: Arabian horses dominate the top levels! Racing over 20-100 miles

Ride & tie: 2 people alternately ride on horse and run. Popular in North America

 

In harness:

Harness racing (driving):

- Trotting: with trotters in sulky or under saddle with rider, 1000-4000 m.

Use of American, French or other trotters. Tests speed and trotting skills.

- Pacing: American pacer horses, quicker than trot.

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Riding sports/competitions:

Recognized worldwide (FEI) and form part of the equestrian events at the Olympics.

- Show jumping

- Dressage - "the highest expression of horse training" where "horse and rider are expected to perform from memory a series of predetermined

- Cross country, Combined training, horse trials, 3 day eventing etc.

Combined competition involves: show jumping, dressage and cross country.

Other events  combined driving, reining, vaulting, endurance, paralympics.

- Horse shows:

Held throughout the world with a variety of events, equipment, attire & judging standards

Equitation («Seat & hands», horsemanship): Rider judged on form, style & ability/handling

Pleasure, flat, under saddle: horses are ridden on the flat & judged on manners, performance, movement, style & quality.

Halter, in-hand, conformation: Horse judged by conformation and/or breeding ability.

Jump classes: Show jumping, show hunter.

Harness sports:

Combined competitive driving

Arena-based «dressage» class = control & precision

Cross-country «marathon» = emphasizes fitness & endurance

Stadium/Cones = obstacle course

Draft horse showing = most draft breeds are shown either in hand or harness

Pleasure driving = using a light cart at walk & trot. Emphasis on manners

Fine harness/formal driving = 4 wheeled cart. Horse judged on flashy & dramatic performance

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English riding sports:

Classical Olympic events (dressage, SJ, XC)

Hunter classes = may be shown on flat or over jumps

Saddleseat

American discipline

Showing of high-stepping & gaited breeds such as Saddblebreed, Tennessee walker etc.

Park division = horses with highest action (most exaggerated)

Pleasure division = manners rank over animation

Plantation/country division = least animation, greatest emphasis on manners

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Western riding:

Rodeo

Timed events

Barrel racing

Pole bending

Steer wrestling/«bulldogging» = rider jumps of horse onto a steer & wrestles it to the ground by its horns

Goat typing = teaches younger riders the basics of calf roping /Roping = Tasks are based on real-life requirements of working cowboys

Calf roping/tie-down roping

Team roping («heading & heeling»)

Men & women may compete together

Two people work as a team to capture & restrain a steer

Breakaway roping

Rough stock competition

Bronc riding

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Other equestrian activities:

Arena sports: polo, horse lacrosse, path

Polo= ancient stick and ball game on horseback from china and Persia

Gymkhana/ mounted games

Vaulting- where gymnastics performed on the back of a moving horse: single/ double/ groups

Horseball

Jousting

Le trec (3 phases: trail riding, jumping, basic flatwork) Tests horse-rider partnership

Competititive trail riding ( RECOGNIZED BY FEI)

Competitive mounted engineering

Fox hunting

Hacking/pleasure riding